If you're serious about landing a new job, or even just getting your foot in the door, then a great cover letter can make all the difference. Cover letters are still key to getting hired and the type you send can make or break your chances. From prospecting to referrals to cold calls, your cover letter should match your job search strategy.

A well-crafted cover letter gives you something your resume can’t: a voice. It lets you tell your story, explain your “why,” and show enthusiasm in a very unique and individualized way. It’s your chance to stand out and connect. Even if the job posting says that a cover letter is optional, don’t skip it. Recruiters and hiring managers often read the cover letter first and if yours is strong, they’ll want to meet you.

But here’s the kicker: not all cover letters are created equal. Depending on the situation, the kind of cover letter you write will vary. Let’s explore which of the 7 essential types fits your situation and learn how to use them for maximum impact.

1. Application Cover Letter

What it is: This is the most common type of cover letter; the one you write in response to a specific job posting.

When to use it: Every time you apply for a job that’s posted publicly (online, in print, on a company’s website).

What it includes:

• The position you're applying for

• Why you’re a strong match for the role

• A few highlights from your resume that prove you meet the qualifications

• A closing that invites further conversation

Pro tip: Use the job description like a checklist. Tailor your letter so it reflects the specific skills and qualifications the employer is looking for.

2. Letter of Interest (Cold Call/Prospecting Letter)

What it is: A letter sent to an organization that hasn’t posted a job opening but you’d like to work  for anyways.

When to use it: When you're targeting a specific company or industry and want to be considered for any upcoming or hidden opportunities.

What it includes:

• Why you're reaching out

• What draws you to the company

• The value you could bring, even if a position isn’t currently open

• A request to meet or talk

Pro tip: Show that you’ve done your homework. Mention something specific about the company that makes you want to be part of the team: its mission, recent projects, or reputation.

3. Networking Cover Letter

What it is: A letter you send to your professional contacts asking for guidance, information, or potential job leads.

When to use it: When you’re job searching and want to tap into your network for help, advice, or introductions.

What it includes:

• A brief introduction and reason for reaching out

• What type of opportunity you’re looking for

• Why you value their input or connection

• A polite request for help or a referral

Pro tip: Keep it short and respectful of their time. You're not asking for a job, rather just insight or support.

4. Referral Cover Letter

What it is: A cover letter where you name-drop, in a good way. It references a mutual contact who recommended you apply.

When to use it: When someone in your network (current employee, mutual friend, or professional contact) has referred you to the role or company.

What it includes:

• The name of the person referring you (with their permission)

• How you know them

• Why they thought you’d be a good fit

• Your relevant qualifications and interest in the role

Pro tip: Mentioning a referral early in the letter increases the chance your application will be noticed. Just make sure your connection is strong and legitimate.

5. Career Change Cover Letter

What it is: A letter that helps bridge the gap between your current experience and a new career path.

When to use it: When you're switching industries or job functions and need to explain your transferable skills and motivations.

What it includes:

• Acknowledgment of your career shift

• What inspired the change

• Transferable skills from your previous work

• How your background can uniquely benefit the new role

Pro tip: Be confident, not apologetic. Show the employer how your unique path adds value.

6. No Experience Cover Letter

What it is: A cover letter for someone entering the workforce or switching paths without direct experience in the role.

When to use it: When you're applying for your first job, switching industries, or applying for something entry-level with minimal experience.

What it includes:

• Enthusiasm for the company and role

• Relevant coursework, volunteer work, or soft skills

• A willingness to learn and grow

• A strong closing that emphasizes your motivation

Pro tip: Focus on what you can bring to the job: your attitude, work ethic, and potential. Employers often hire for personality and train for skill.

7. Internship Cover Letter

What it is: A letter aimed at securing an internship, often required as part of an academic program or to gain hands-on experience.

When to use it: When applying for internships, whether posted or speculative.

What it includes:

• The internship you're applying for

• Why you're interested in that field and company

• What you hope to learn

• Relevant education, projects, or volunteer experience

Pro tip: Show curiosity and eagerness. You don’t need decades of experience, just the willingness to contribute and grow.

Final Thoughts

Choosing the right kind of cover letter helps you tailor your message to the moment. Whether you’re responding to a job post, reaching out cold, or getting a boost from a referral, your tone, content, and structure should reflect that context. More importantly, the right cover letter gives you a chance to speak directly to your future employer, and that’s an opportunity worth taking. Make it count!